The condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is brought on when stomach acid backs up into the oesophagus. A doctor may prescribe one or more tests to detect acid levels and the efficiency of the digestive tract in order to diagnose GERD. The oesophagus carries food from the mouth to the stomach. Acid and stomach contents can't pass back up the oesophagus because of a sphincter between the two organs. After food has passed through, a ring of muscles called the sphincter tightens tightly to close the oesophagus. The lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions in GERD sufferers, allowing acid and food to flow back into the oesophagus. Doctors refer to condition as reflux. A medical practitioner will ask about symptoms and obtain a thorough medical history in order to diagnose GERD. Although GERD may be diagnosed solely based on symptoms, the doctor will frequently prescribe one or more tests to look at the oesophagus. These tests provide a clinician the chance to examine the digestive tract's structure and the way that food and acid are moving through it. In many cases, an upper endoscopy comes first. Some medical professionals decide to start therapy right away depending on symptoms. Some GERD testing will be done by doctors in an outpatient facility or in their office. Others demand that a person wear sensing apparatus for 24–48 hours in order to monitor their stomach's movements and acid levels. When GERD is present, the doctor may decide on a multi-step therapy plan. Antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors are medications for GERD (PPIs). Antacids treat symptoms and are prescribed by doctors to treat GERD when it flares up sometimes. The generation of acid from the stomach is decreased by H2 blockers and PPIs. The lining of the oesophagus can also heal with the use of PPIs. Surgery is a treatment option for GERD, but doctors often only advise it when lifestyle modifications and medicines have failed. Reflux can be lessened through surgery that improves the connection between the top of the stomach and the lower esophageal sphincter. For patients who are overweight, doctors may also advise bariatric surgery to help them reduce weight.